Solar panels work by converting sunlight into electricity using a technology called photovoltaics (PV). Here's how the process works in simple terms:
- Sunlight Hits the Solar Panel: A solar panel is made up of many smaller units called solar cells. These cells are typically made from semiconductor materials like silicon. When sunlight hits the panel, it is made up of tiny particles of energy called photons.
- Photons Knock Electrons Loose: The energy from the photons knocks electrons loose in the semiconductor material. This is the key to generating electricity.
- Electron Movement Creates an Electric Current: The movement of these loose electrons creates an electric current. This is because the solar cells are designed with an electric field that forces electrons to flow in a specific direction.
- Flow of Current Generates Electricity: This flow of electrons is what creates electricity. The current is in the form of direct current (DC) electricity.
- Inverter Converts DC to AC: Most of the appliances in our homes use alternating current (AC), not direct current. So, the electricity generated by the solar panels is sent to an inverter. The inverter converts the DC electricity into AC electricity, which can be used to power your home or business.
- Excess Power: If the solar panels produce more electricity than you need, the excess power can either be stored in batteries for later use or fed back into the grid, depending on the setup.
So, in short, solar panels absorb sunlight, convert it into electrical energy, and make that energy usable for your home or business!